Egypt is divided in 94 provinces. To control a province you have to defeat the local garrison and replace them with your own troops to garrison the province. For every 200 civilians in a province you need 1 garrison trooper to maintain control.
There are several types of provinces:

Nile provinces

The provinces bordering the river Nile, including the Nile delta, are the most important provinces in Egypt. These provinces have the largest population and the best agricultural production because of the fertile soil on the banks of the Nile. Every Nile province has a port where trade ships can dock. To become the Pharaoh of Egypt you must control at least 250 vicorty points. One Nile province is worth 10 victory points.

Mountain and Desert

Provinces 59 to 74 are mountain provinces and 75 to 94 are desert provinces. These provinces are sparsely populated. There is no agriculture possible in these provinces. Instead the population keeps livestock. One Mountain province is worth 5 victory points and a Desert province only 3 points.

Oasis

Certain provinces contain an oasis. These provinces have a food production equal to Nile provinces. Because of this they have more population than regular desert provinces. One Oasis province is worth 7.

Red Sea Coast and Sinai

Province 51 is Sinai and provinces 52 to 58 are Red Sea coast provinces. These provinces have less population than the Nile provinces, but more than mountain and desert provinces. These provinces also keep livestock, but there is a port available. Ships in the Red Sea cannot cross to the Nile area and vice versa. One Coast province or the Sinai is worth 8 victory points.

Home Province

Your home province is the province your start the game in. This is the throne of your Ruler's power and therefore a very important province. This province will start the game with a number of Garrison Troops guarding your Ruler in addition to your starting army. This is the only province where you can build your Pyramid. If it is lost, so is your Pyramid and the support of the Gods that this Pyramid gives to you.

Trade regions

Trade regions are not located on the map of Egypt. These represent nations the ancient Egyptians were in contact with. There are two trade regions in the Mediterranean (98 and 99) and two in the Red sea area (96 and 97). How to use these provinces to your advantage is explained in the section on Trade.